Guest Editor(s)
-
- Dr. Xiaoming Sun
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Website | E-mail
-
- Dr. Lu Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Website | E-mail
Special Issue Introduction
With the development of the cosmetic surgery market, facial plastic injections including fillers and botulinum toxin have increased dramatically in recent years because of their quick, predictable, and lasting results in the treatment of facial wrinkles and rejuvenation in comparison with surgery. Unfortunately, although facial plastic injections have a very favorable safety profile, complications associated with facial plastic injections have also been reported.
Some of these complications are related to the injection technique, while others are related to the injectant itself. Whatever the complications, it will bring different degrees of pain to the patients. Minimal and self-limited complications are relatively common, including erythema, ecchymosis, and edema. Self-limited but requiring follow-up complications include overcorrection, irregularities, filler visibility, Tyndall effect, and granuloma formation. Unfortunately, serious complications also have been reported, such as visual impairment, respiratory depression, hemiplegia, skin necrosis, anaphylaxis, and even death.
While the advantages of facial plastic injection are too commercially advertised, the complications get less attention. As reported to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), serious adverse reactions to fillers have tripled in 2008 to 2011 compared with 2005 to 2007. However, the study of complications has not received enough attention. As a result, physicians and surgeons, especially junior surgeons, lack the knowledge of complications and how to deal with serious complications in a timely manner.
This monograph is expected to provide some references for plastic surgeons, improve the operation specifications and complication management principles of facial injection, and gradually form a standard to guide the treatment to minimize the risks and complications of facial injection. We have focused on various complications and their standardized management after facial plastic injection in the following pages. We believe that standardized operation and effective treatment after the occurrence of complications can minimize the surgical risk of injection and the harm of complications.
Submission Deadline
28 Feb 2022
Plastic and Aesthetic Research
