fig4

Figure 4. Distal nerve transfers. (Top) Posterior approach transferring a distal branch of the spinal accessory nerve to the suprascapular nerve and also releasing the scapular ligament. (Center) Transferring a motor branch of the radial nerve to the lateral triceps to reinnervate the axillary nerve close to its neuromuscular junction in the deltoid muscle. (Below) Using a motor branch of the ulnar nerve to the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle to reinnervate the biceps muscle. Shared with permission by authors^[41].