fig4

Figure 4. Intraoperative photograph of this 60-year-old woman shows the subsequent suturing of the platysma aponeurosis/platysma to the platysma-auricular ligament (PAL), taking a bite of the former posterior to the already placed "U" suture (left picture showing base of ear closed). The next suture is marked by the blue marks that highlight the SMAS to Lore’s ligament anteriorly, after the PAL suture has been placed. PAL: Platysma-auricular ligament.