fig11

Figure 11. Advanced Lipid peroxidation End products (ALE) form when polyunsaturated fatty acids are oxidised, forming lipid radical species which can lead to production of reactive substances such as MDA (Malondialdehyde) or 4-HNE (4-hydroxy-2-nonenal), which react with lysine residues in the collagen backbone, leading to cumulative damage over prolonged periods of time. (By permission of MINERVA Research Labs Ltd - London)