fig4

Figure 4. Edafence’s protective effects in vitro against other exposome agents. A, B: Edafence^® incubation protects from damage induced by tobacco in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). It reduces loss of cell viability associated with exposure to tobacco smoke [(A) CSC: 5%, 3.5 h; Edafence^® incubation: 10 mg/mL]. It also prevents alterations in collective organization (i.e., alignment) and morphological phenotype (B) compare (1) control CSC-exposed to (2) CSC-exposed supplemented with the extract). Scale bar: 100 µmol/L; C, D: Edafence^® incubation protects human keratinocytes from both acute cold shock (data on the left, blue spotted pattern) and heat exposure (data on the right, blue background pattern). Primary human keratinocytes were subjected to the indicated treatments. Subsequently, cell viability was measured through crystal violet staining extension (C) and mitochondrial integrity/function was assessed by measuring mitochondrial potential with MitoTracker™ staining (D). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01. Adapted from^[77,83]. CSC: cigarette smoke condensate